<p>Sri Lanka underwent large scale deforestation during the hydraulic civilization from 200 BC till 1200 AD for agriculture, during colonial rule for plantations, and post-independence for development purposes and especially through the Mahaweli Development Programme. Currently, post-war, Sri Lanka is again entering a rapid development phase, especially placing increased pressure on the North and East forests. As a consequence there is increased habitat fragmentation, pollution and spread of invasive alien species.</p>